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ZIMBABWE |
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Area |
390.757 Kmq |
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Capital
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Harare | ||
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Language
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English | ||
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Currency
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Zimbabwean dollar | ||
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Religion
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Traditional cults | ||
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Population
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11.342.521 | ||
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Population annual growth
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0,2% | ||
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Urban population
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32,5% | ||
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Life expentancy at birth
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37 years | ||
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Mortalità infantile |
62 per 1.000 |
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Age group enrolment %
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Primary 115%, Secondary 49%, Tertiary 7% | ||
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Dailies
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20 per 1.000 ab. | ||
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Radio
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86 per 1.000 ab. | ||
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Televisions
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30 per 1.000 ab. | ||
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GNP per capita
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$ 620 | ||
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Exports
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$ 2.000 millions | ||
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Imports
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$ 2.000 millions | ||
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(Fonts - population, annual growth, life expectancy, infant mortality, imports and exports: The World Factbook 2000, www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook
- GNP per capita: UNDP, Human Development Report 2000, Oxford 2000
- other infos: Instituto del Tercer Mundo, Guya del mondo 1999/2000, Montevideo 1999)
www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook
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HISTORY The territory of Zimbabwe was the seat of the Shona kingdoms, which reached their greatest splendour about five hundred years ago; it was then colonized by a private company owned by the businessman C.J. Rhodes and in 1923 it formally became a British colony under the name of Southern Rhodesia. In 1962, the white Rhodesian government unilaterally declared independence and established a segregationist system of the South African type; the main black nationalist parties came into being at the same period, one representing the Ndebele ethnic group, led by J. Nkomo, and the other with a Shona majority and of a Marxist-Leninist character, led by R.G. Mugabe. This was the beginning of a bloody struggle for liberation, destined to lead to the independence of the country in 1980, when it joined the Commonwealth and held its first free elections. Mugabe won and he abolished the segregationist legislation, forming a multiracial government non-aligned on the international level and he restored the old name of the country. However, the following years were still characterized by strong social instability caused by continuous clashes between Ndebele and Shona. The economy of Zimbabwe is based on agriculture, which is strongly affected by the almost total concentration of the land in the hands of the white minority, and the wealth of the mineral resources. The majority of the population of the country are Bantu, divided between the Shona and Ndebele ethnic groups, whose culture is expressed above all in the varied production of traditional fabrics and pottery and in music. Traditional religions and Christianity (Anglicanism) live side by side. ETNIE |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY MAZIKANA- JOHNSTONE, Zimbabwe Epic, Harare, National Archives of Zimbabwe 1982 KILEFF C.- KILEFF P., Shona Customs, Harare: Mambo Press 1983 BERENS- BONDE- PLENGGER, A concise Encyclopedia of Zimbabwe, Gweru: Mambo Press 1983 STONEMAN C., Zimbabwe : politics, economics and society, London ; New York : Pinter 1989 COSV (a cura di), Zimbabwe, Milano 1990 BURZIO M., Zimbabwe : il regno dell'oro, [Milano] : G. Mondadori 1993 Le Zimbabwe contemporain, sous la direction de JEAN-LOUIS BALANS et MICHEL LAFON, Paris : Karthala 1995
MUSIC |
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ITALIAN NGO IN ZIMBABWE |
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