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CHAD |
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Area |
1.284.000 Kmq |
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Capital
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N'djamena | ||
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Language
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Arabic, French | ||
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Currency
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Franc CFA | ||
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Religion
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Muslim | ||
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Population
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8.424.504 | ||
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Population annual growth
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3,3% | ||
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Urban population
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22,5% | ||
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Life expentancy at birth
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50 years | ||
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Mortalità infantile |
97 per 1.000 |
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Age group enrolment %
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Primary 55%, Secondary 13%, Tertiary 1% | ||
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Dailies
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Radio
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246 per 1.000 ab. | ||
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Televisions
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GNP per capita
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$ 230 | ||
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Exports
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$ 288millions | ||
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Imports
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$ 359 millions | ||
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(Fonti - Population, Population annual growth , Life expentancy at birth, Infant mortality rate, Exports e Imports: The World Factbook 2000, www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook - GNP per capita: UNDP, Human Development Report 2000, Oxford 2000 - altri dati: Instituto del Tercer Mundo, Guya del mondo 1999/2000, Montevideo 1999)
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HISTORY The site of very ancient human settlement and, in modern times, the flourishing junction of the main commercial routes of the Sahel, Chad fell under French control in the 19th century and was then directly occupied by France, which introduced cotton growing on a wide scale into the country, thus destroying the fragile subsistence economies which had until then been practised and reducing the population to starvation. In 1960, when Chad obtained independence, the conditions were immediately created for a ruinous civil war between the official Paris-supported government, the expression of the now Europeanized south of the country, and the population of the north which, with the support of Libya, formed the political base for the main armed revolutionary group, the National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT). For over thirty years the history of Chad was tormented by the alternating phases of this conflict until, in 1990, again with the support of the French, I. Déby rose to power and undertook a process of democratization of the country and national reconciliation. The country is still going through a very delicate phase. The economy is one of the poorest in the world: as well as cotton, it is based on subsistence agriculture which is increasingly threatened by the process of desertification of the Sahel and, since the 1960s, on mining. The population of the country is clearly divided between the ethnic groups in the north, almost all nomadic herders of Berber and Tuareg origin, and the sedentary ethnic groups of the south. The main religions are Islam and Christianity, alongside traditional cults. ETNIE |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ARDESI L., Ciad, una pace da costruire : itinerario politico e religioso di un paese africano, Campobasso : Associazione Dalla parte degli ultimi 1991 JOFFE G., Chad, Oxford : Clio press 1995 ARDESI L., Ciad, Bergamo: Cesvi 1996 |
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ITALIAN NGO IN CIAD |
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